A year ago, these days, Italy was not talking about illegal immigrants. The Security package wanted by the government, establishing the crime of illegal immigration and tightening the procedures for expulsion, sailed to the parliamentary ratification. At sea, had just begun the rejections, to the Libyan coast, the boats headed to the desperate Lampedusa, Sicily, our southern shores. Illegal, vade retro: the public will deliver the message that the time inputs wild was over, and finally the problem was about to be defeated.
Twelve months later, the landings of illegal immigrants are collapsed just 29 in the first four months of 2010. According to Interior Ministry estimates, the total inputs increased from 150 to 50 000 people, three times less. Yet undocumented residents in Italy are more and more. According to research by the Catholic University of Milan, has increased by 126 thousand units compared to 2009.
The contradiction, of course, is only apparent. And is induced by the media representation of the phenomenon. A misrepresentation, for which it is believed that foreigners arriving in Italy relying on smugglers, who will embark on tramp steamers or hiding them under the truck from the Balkans. In fact, all the experts know about the journeys of hope that only 10% of immigrants. The vast majority of them arrived in Italy, more simply, landing at Malpensa airport or Fiumicino airport with a tourist visa, sometimes legally purchased, some at great cost by organizations that profit from it. Once in our country who are seeking employment, in black of course, after a few months. Therefore, the visa expired and could not demonstrate a regular employment, they automatically become illegal. Condition where they remain for years, until they are fortunate enough to pass the gauntlet of an amnesty disguised as order flows.
Clandestine but integrated
This is also the story of 544 000 illegal immigrants estimated by researchers at the Catholic University: more than 10% of the foreign population in Italy, which earlier this year has reached exceed 5 million. The share of illegal immigrants is now significantly higher than last year when it was 9.1%. A difference that corresponds exactly to 126 thousand units. They are certainly not arrived yesterday. In fact, research indicates that on average are in Italy for three years and a half and have crossed the border, in most cases, legally. Technically it would, therefore, of irregular migrants. But, as illegal immigrants, according to new laws, not having a valid residence permit, can not stay in our country. Should, in theory, pack up and go home.
Instead the opposite happens. Because somehow find a home, and even a job. Indeed, despite the proclaimed "crackdown" (also provided in this package), there is always someone ready to offer accommodation and employment, obviously out of every rule and control. Also from the Catholic University research shows that the so-called illegal immigrants have in 47.3% of employment cases, even "stable and continuous."
'landings on the coasts make the news because they are dramatic events, but represent the tip of the iceberg - says the professor of sociology, Vincenzo Cesareo, who oversaw the publication and Milan Ismu directs the Institute on multi-ethnicity, including the most reliable research -. The illegal immigrants are especially overstayers (people who stay longer than is due, Ed.) They certainly did not embark in Libya. And for this past year were not at all affected by controls on the Strait of Sicily, which made it possible to block those routes, although the human costs and also very cheap high. "
Having nothing to fear from people back in the water - because they do not come from the sea - the overstayers, illegal, illegal (or however you want to call them) could still be deterred by the security package, which (approved in July 2009) between the other things has transformed the irregular stay of foreign citizens in Italy by a simple administrative offense punishable by a fine in addition to expulsion.
In reality "that a crime was more symbolic than real deterrent," cuts through diplomatic Professor Cesareo. An example may help to understand what exactly "Symbolic." Since September 16, 2009, when it entered into force on the crime of illegal immigration, in April 2010, the proceedings reached the office of Justice of the Peace of Milan (the competent authority in this area) were 116. Of these 63 came to an end (all with conviction). But only 2 (due!) have resulted in expulsion. Slightly embarrassing numbers in the city's curfew in the suburbs, controls, belt lines of buses frequented by foreigners, a number of areas closed to immigrants, nursery denied to children of irregular migrants. So much ado about nothing?
policy of the two furnaces
"These figures do not surprise me at all - said Maurizio Ambrosini, a sociologist at the State University of Milan immigration -. There is an immigration policy for newspapers and television, which is the expulsion of the face and bad, and a real policy of the country, which is the paperwork. In spite of appearances, I should mention that the biggest "regularization of illegal immigrants" Berlusconi is right: the latest greatest amnesties were made by his government in 2002 and 2009, last year (limited to only domestic helpers and caretakers). I mean, in short, that there is a huge distance between what one says and what they actually do on immigration. And it is a difference that is easily explained. The policy of expulsions coast and is very complicated to be implemented need to inquire about illegal to understand where they come from, paying agents and flights to take her back home, what among other possible only if there is an agreement with the country of origin. The policy of amnesty, however, allows the emergence of the black and, therefore, offers the opportunity to make money. This strategy is more convenient for government finances, but indigestible to the public. At least since the illegal hunting has become a subject of consensus. " A
example of "politics of the two furnaces is Verona, the city indicated by Interior Minister Roberto Maroni as a model of integration. Despite the grim public statements, just the mayor Flavio Tosi League this winter, opened the public dormitories also entered into an illegal and non-aggression pact with the Caritas: the institution of the Church continues to do what has always been to welcome foreigners, including undocumented, but without much fanfare. "The mayor is the mayor. Then leave it to officials of the Councillor social services. And our relationship with them is excellent ... "says Don Ceschi Giuliano, director of Caritas in Verona.
in Verona and in its productive and rich province, which threatens to blow up the social contract upon which rests the integration of the foreign population are not "security" and "zero tolerance", but the economic crisis . "Here, unfortunately, businesses close and leave at home and Italian immigrants, without distinction," says Don Ceschi.
crisis, a great deterrent
From the opposite end of the boot, in Trapani, director of Caritas says the same thing. "Landings were almost zero. But I'm not missing the clandestine. has happened, if anything, quite the opposite, "says Don Sergio Librizzi. With the economic crisis that struck the agriculture sector, the unemployed immigrants have fallen in the shadow of secrecy. "He was employed in the greenhouses of Ragusa Marsala and was left at home. No contract, no residence permit. For them the only chance the work remains black, Sicily already absorbs 60% of the workforce employed in agriculture. And that certainly did not need to be increased further. "
thousand miles to the north, along the Val d'Arno, foreign immigrants were in fact appointed with futures contracts in nurseries, wineries and sites. So far, they were always able to move from one job to another, renewing from time to time the documents. Now, however, the turnover has been interrupted. And the weak are no longer able to renew the residence permit, immigrants found themselves after years of arriving in Italy. "Many are" irregular return "- phrases said Don Mauro, head of the immigration of Caritas in Tuscany. -. These North African men in general, in Italy by 10 and 15 years, who suddenly find themselves without work and without the right to stay. These to go home do not want it. So stay here. But no longer able to perform regular employment, or go black, or the most desperate, offenders. And because they are pricks, well end up inside. The other day I met one who was arrested. He had stolen two sausages in the supermarket ...».
The crisis, in short, as the only true deterrent to immigration. Regular, irregular or illegal it is. "We already have signs of return to their countries of origin, especially in Europe," concludes Cesareo
published Scarp de 'courts, June 2010
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