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Japan surprises

Not too many years ago when the Italian government
changed with the seasons, as
collections prêt-à-porter,
foreign observers questioned about the mysterious wonder of our estate

economic and social system, in a beautiful body body with logic.
There is in this more of an analogy with the
wonder that the Western world when faced with the fate
, alternate and quick, the microcosm
Japanese. Nippocentrica
literature of the seventies and eighties, where they celebrated the magnificent and progressive

of the Rising Sun, is now behind us, but it is also
apocalyptic literature and, let us say,
vaguely iettatrice celebrating the tragic agony of
Waning Sol. Over the past fifteen years we have seen
Japan
through a long recession, stagnation,
we saw him struggling with
crisis of the financial system, with the end of
full employment, with the steady decline in the birth rate
and the relative increase of
to crime, we have seen the emergence of a constellation of short

red variables that revealed a world
surprisingly fragile. Then, examine
closer, we realized that in his fifteen years of pain
Japan has maintained macroeconomic fundamentals

all things considered enviable: even the unemployment rate,
which has done so much talking,
never got too far from the frictional rate
of our more developed regions.
today - which is what Japan's Abe or Ozawa
not matter - we are faced with a country that
between the intentions of his convalescence

stirs ambitions of all respect, as the drastic reform the domestic institutional

acquisition of a central role in world affairs.
E 'at the bottom of this mystery Japanese
the ability to cross
small or big injuries without stopping to think big and
achieve great goals.
So it was, for example, when, after two and a half centuries
contemplation of its navel
, an archipelago of farmers, fishermen and
samurai, not blessed by
for nature and confined in a remote corner of the planet
, succeeded in a few decades

to become a modern industrial power, or when a nation devastated by a botched
(
occurs in these days the anniversary of the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki
), has risen from the ashes of their

city without the aid of a Marshall Plan and in a context of widespread hostility
(still 65 percent
of the Chinese and South Korean claims to detest
Japan). As Luigi Barzini said
senior in 1906
The key to the enigma is actually a complicated web of
reasons on which the diagnosis

scholars and commentators do not shine for uniqueness. However, there are some constants
that help guide the analysis

and improve the general understanding of the phenomenon. First, the extraordinary
homogeneity of Japanese society.
In the public sphere, but also in the private
, rose
behavior is limited and fairly predictable. The unpredictability
is indeed a sure sign of abnormality
and is regarded with suspicion. The homogeneity
- homogenization, the tendency to assimilate assimilated
-
is found in all areas of civic life and
in many areas of family life and
of the individual. The Western
journalism has often presented in terms of a mass
coercion or, conversely, in
those of a noble ideal. But, subject to certain exceptions
, it is neither a guideline nor an aristocrat forced

spiritual virtues. Instead, it is a constant syntactic identity
Japanese men
and women with experience of the Rising Sun
force their membership of a body
common and that, when appropriate, can be a powerful tool
driving.
"A people that did not move with
maximum energy," wrote Luigi Barzini
senior in 1906, "on his way
can not be that quick, impetuous, irresistible."
The relief is still valid.
Closely related to this issue is
the primacy of the group and its hierarchy,
internal and external element
which the Japanese have even made room in

grammatical structure of their language. The trend configuring each in a hierarchical relationship

can be considered a remnant of the feudal heritage, that stretch

particularly clear in the organization of the production system. The ostentatious

skepticism of the younger generation about the importance of being part (or the drama of not doing
part) of the "clan business"
is a recent phenomenon, perhaps capable of
original developments, but for the time being unrealistic
and identified
public opinion as a matter of sociological significance.
Among the advantages of a hierarchical structure
in groups is to make
diseconomies of system
easily identifiable: the Japanese fail to understand
quickly where the problem lurks,
and at this stage of identification have already laid the groundwork for
metabolized.
final constant, also
centuries of ancestry, is the unshakable faith in
procedure. The Japanese are great planners and
firmly believe that a procedural-technical apparatus

distilled from the ingenuity of people skills and experience of past generations

has a better chance of success of each episode
improvisational flair. When
perceived as improving quality,
eruptions of creativity, of which Japan is prodigal
are raised in accordance with formal and integrated
in the Framework.
combined with a strong tendency to pragmatism,
this third feature allows the Japanese

to develop solutions on a large scale and to tame the evidence of the facts
even at the cost of living with contradictions
logic - or ideological - rather than licenses.
In Japan, moreover, the logic is a knowledge
casual, always subject to data
fact. And the facts meet
mysteriously, or perhaps sincerely reciprocate.

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Against the Islamization European

Woe to naive to ignore the attempts of Islamization of Europe! The intervention of Pope Ratzinger in Regensburg on Islam has been "prophetic." Word of Don Georg Gaenswein, secretary of Pope Benedict XVI, who in an interview with the all-Ratzinger's biographer Peter Seewald raised the alarm against Muslim expansion. "Attempts to Islamize the West can not be denied - the magazine says Don George's Sueddeutsche Zeitung of Munich Monaco - a false respect and must not ignore the threats posed to Europe's identity." According to the prelate, which in Italy is often forgotten that he was a lecturer in pontifical universities, and which faithfully reflects the ideas of the pope, "the Catholic side sees very clearly (this danger) and it tells you." The speech Regensburg, he adds, "should serve to counter a certain naivete."

in Regensburg in September 2006 Pope Ratzinger raised a storm because international opened his speech with a quotation from a medieval Byzantine emperor, according to which Muhammad had not brought anything "good and humane" because it called for spreading the faith by the sword. Ratzinger delivered the summons without distance and it took the Vatican apologized repeatedly and updated edition of the speech to re-establish normal relations with the Islamic world. In many environments, however, liked the speech. Kissinger has confessed to the Republic of appreciating it a lot.

Don Georg points out that there is no "one" Islam and even a 'application challenging and binding on all Muslims. " Under the concept of Islam, he explains, there are many currents, even among their enemies, who come "to refer to extremists in their action to the Koran and take the field with a gun." In any case, the Holy See seeks to weave contacts and talks through the Council for Interreligious Dialogue.

The interview describes the main agenda of Benedict XVI: to strengthen the faith, raise the "question God, the comparison with the different forms of relativism, dialogue with Islam, the strengthening of Christian identity. "Europe can not live if you cut its Christian roots, because it removes the soul" .

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like hitting the 'Ndrangheta

A key to open the safes of the thighs. and empty it. In memory of journalist, for the first time a judge in civil forces 16 defendants convicted of Mafia association to reimburse a local government. Compensation for damage caused by organized crime to the area, according to a logic at all obvious until now. A place that starts from Calabria, from the heart of the Plain of Gioia Tauro, stronghold of the 'Ndrangheta. The trial judge Antonio di Palmi Saved to meet the request of the town of maxirisarcimento Rosarno for damage to the image, moral and economic. Excellent names, families of the elite of the 'Ndrangheta as Piromalli and Bellocco, will have to pay € 9 million with interest at the small town of Reggio. There are also pieces from 90 Bellocco as Caramel, Jerome Mole, Joseph Joachim and Piromalli, Reucci Rosarno and Gioia Tauro, the 16 had to play around with the family assets. They were convicted of Mafia association process in Porto, which began in late 1990 by the DDA in Reggio after an investigation into leaks at the port of Gioia Tauro, the port of the 'Ndrangheta, which cost the clan dozens of arrests and seizures.
as palm explains chairman of the parliamentary anti-Mafia Forgiane Francis, is "a ruling symbol." The same opinion Senator Nuccio Iovene Calabrian Sd. While Freedom reaffirms the importance of a civil conflict as an instrument of the mafia, to work alongside the confiscations. A ruling that makes it especially on the action of a political mafia Worked as Peppino, the former mayor who wanted his town against the gangs in civil courts. And that returns the value of an important political season, that of progressive mayors.
With the sentence of Palma is a revolutionary principle states: 'It tried - according to the court - that the activities of gangs has interfered with the explanation of economic potential of the territory. " Referring to the process Porto, the court finds that "the pervasiveness and extent of control over economic activities related to the port of Gioia Tauro presented characteristics that make the causal link fully subsisting" between mafia and economic damage to local communities, with a real 'armed occupation of territory.
does not escape the scope of the decision of the town's lawyer, the lawyer Salvatore Costantino, who speaks of "Judgement of extraordinary importance" and "significant precedent" that "gives meaning to the filing of civil commons' and gives administrators agile and sharp weapon against the gangs: "We provide a tool of the ordinary, and I stress ordinary 'to be compensated for the damage caused by gangs. A great victory for a job, former congressman and former mayor PCI Ds Rosarno, who understood the importance of establishing a civil action.
After the indictments, he says, "knew that the towns were listed as plaintiffs in the papers of the proceedings Porto, it was natural to the constitution of civil party in criminal proceedings." Work does not stop here, and calls into question the Province of Reggio, Calabria Region and the Government, all targati Olive Tree, "asking them to stand alongside the communes against the 'Ndrangheta." The answer is yes, for once, the united front. There's convictions, for the 16 that had requested expedited, and in 2002 the final judgments. So Working raised "and given the mandate to seek compensation in civil courts. An adventure that will see the town of solitary Rosarno against Bellocco and Piromalli. Because while the wind blows the right and the other institutions is absent. Rosarno also passes the CDL, but the process remains standing in silence.
"Today comes a landmark ruling that shows us the way to combat the mafia. Until the end, "says the indomitable work with a certain bitterness, wondering why" the smallest and defenseless body was left alone. " But today Peppino job is no longer isolated. The President stresses Forgione, who is about to turn the Calabria to develop an effective strategy to combat the 'Ndrangheta, a stated goal of its management antimafia. "The sentence of Palmi - he says - talks about the importance of a civil municipalities, but also suggests another way to attack the assets of the mafia families, in this case of two families and as important as Piromalli Bellocco. A way forward to the end for Senator Iovene, member of the Anti-Mafia: "This ruling shows that it is a symbolic but politically and practically important because it recognizes a fundamental principle: the presence of the clan territory and the damage the community. "

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Interview with Ugo Bardi on peak oil

Ugo Bardi, professor in the Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Italy President reel, what are the objectives of the Association?
The Reel (Association for the Study of Peak Oil and gas), which brings leading scientists around the world, was founded by the scientist Colin Campbell, and based their studies on the theory of Hubbert, U.S. Geological Survey, which describes the course of extracting a finite resource. In the early '90s, Campbell available data and forecasts that painted a picture of the future very different from the optimistic economic growth without end. In 2003, I founded the Italian section reel, which differs a bit ' by the mother, for his emphasis on solutions, for an increasing renewable energy, rather than on the issues, which, however, not neglect. The purpose of the association will run out when you have done its homework in time to alert the world on the imminent decline of oil, the main resource on which an entire civilization is based.

many parties warns that oil is running out! Is this true? If so, when will it happen?
The "end of oil is distant at least a few decades into the future. There are other concerns that the ability of supply to meet demand. The IEA, the International Agency Energy, OECD direct subsidiary, has expressed these concerns in a few days ago a statement. This is the point, is not that there is more oil, is that there is not enough. The IEA puts the critical point in 2012, but it is clear that there are already difficulties. ASPO believes that the peak has already occurred or might occur between two to three years. Since the peak, the curve starts to decline.

How much oil remains to be extracted? There is the possibility, thanks to new technologies, that somewhere in the world they are rich deposits?
Estimates are the most diverse. Unfortunately, history often have been estimates too optimistic denied by the facts. Few remember how, in the sixties, the USGS, the Geological Survey of the United States had overstated reserves by a factor of three continental U.S.. The USGS estimates were almost certainly influenced by political factors. Factors which, in my opinion, even more recently have affected estimates are very optimistic. There are still the world's oil reserves, according to some, in an amount comparable to that extracted so far, according to others a bit more. The problem is that these reserves are more expensive to extract crude and often it is of poor quality. This is reflected in market price.
is very likely that the deposits important have been found so far. We continue to find smaller fields, but it is now since the eighties that consumes far more oil than it discovers new. It is assumed reserves of oil in the Arctic and Antarctic that will become available with the melting of ice due to global warming. But if and when we get to that point, we are too busy building dams against floods, to worry about oil.

What will happen after the peak?
The peak is only one point of a smooth transition, the oil will be increasingly expensive and we must learn to live without it. It is also true, as has already happened in history, which peaks Local oil have been accompanied by political upheavals and wars. Something similar could be done globally. Indeed, in many ways, already is ..

What are the alternatives?
The development of new technologies related to solar energy, like solar cells, whose development has been rapid in recent years. Today we source the potential to produce as much energy, even much more than it produces oil.
However, there is still a source of energy that is as compact, versatile, and cheap oil as it has been until recently. However, we will have to make compromises, especially in the field transport, which will be even more expensive today. We will be forced to save, because developing countries reclaim their party.

peaks are expected for other energy sources (gas, coal, uranium ,..)?
All minerals are subject to peak production. It must be said, however, that some resources, such as gas and coal, moving, sick and therefore do not have a truly global market as oil. For this, they have local peaks, rather than as a single global peak oil. The next peak should be important to the gas in the United States. Very unlikely the U.S. will be able to cope with the decline in domestic production with imports of liquefied gas, because the lack of adequate infrastructure. Uranium is a case in itself. At present production is only about half of demand for existing reactors, but are unable to meet it by dismantling old nuclear warheads. Probably, the peak of uranium is already many years ago, but is masked by the accumulated reserves in the form of publications. This, of course, can not last long, soon we will present a problem of shortage of uranium on the market, already indicated by soaring prices of recent years. In theory, the production of uranium could be increased, but this will require huge investments that are currently not materialize sufficiently. Nevertheless, no There is no doubt that we will see a return of nuclear energy.

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The proposed Alleva

Piergiovanni Alleva, Director of the magazine's legal work, provides a new idea in the debate on pensions by including the initial proposal, which appeared on the manifest of 21 June last year and that it later inspired the recent hypotheses on the incentives. But basically, you just explain that the "system" Alleva is all about "voluntariness" of the increase in the retirement age, so without imposing any obligation (even in the form of step) compared to current conditions (57 years of age and 35 years of contributions), but at the same time making it very attractive to stay in employment. In other words: push who can and wants to work up to 65 years of age or over 40 contributions, because it provides very strong incentives, allows those who wish to exit (for example, all workers in manufacturing, heavy or shifts) to do it as freely , since it is "covered" by the stay of others. On the other hand today, the worker can stay free up to 65 years on the job, because not licensed until it has completed the "pensionabilità for old age" (the "pensionabilità for Elderly - 57 plus 35 or 40 contributions - in fact it is not enough to be fired). The proposal is not funded by Alleva, "hoards" or public funds, but by the same contributions of workers does not harm the INPS or public accounts (thus satisfying those who defend the 'staircase' or 'steps'), and does not only ensure higher pensions (up 82% -90% or even close to 100% of final salary), but total income while the richest one is at work.
Alleva, as you can get all this together?
We start first from my first proposal, and then - once - I'll explain how I integrated push to stay in employment until 65 years of age or over 40 contributions. Of course for those who always wanted to do it. Therefore, the 'first phase' of my proposal is aimed at those who want to stop working after reaching the age of 57 and 35 years of contributions. Today, with the method of remuneration, which includes a 2% return each year worked, the pension may be increased to 70% of salary, or at most 80% if you have 40 years of contributions. I propose that those who stop working to bring to bear more years of delay on future output board: you can get up to 60 years maturing in the first year 3%, 4% the second, the third the 5%. Of course you can leave at the end of each year, at 58, 59 or 60: it is not required to make them all three. So you can have at the end, a richer pension allowance of 12%, gaining 82% last pay.
We want to give a concrete example?
Sure, let's say we are talking about the employee has a salary of € 20 000 per year. Today can retire with 57 years and 35, receiving an amount equal to 70%, or about 14 000 euro per year. Assuming that instead face 40 years of contributions, will have 80%, or about 16 000 €. With my proposal, ripe 1200 euro more each year, and can reach 82% of salary, amounting to a grant of € 17,200 per year. INPS not lost, but rather remains in surplus, because for 3 years not paying the pension and continues to collect contributions, but not to charge the player numbers, the reference to the first article published on the manifest 21 June, where I do a detailed calculation.
So we found that the incentive is substantial enough, because instead of € 14 000 of annual pension, the worker who wants to stay for three more - up to 60 - 17,200 or ripe well. The new proposal speaks of a "phase two": to stop working until 65. What do you expect?
The proposal for "phase two" is simply because in some way is an extension of the "phase one", but it also adds an enrichment of income while you work. All this, not at the expense of the contribution, as it provides the incentive bonus super-Maroni. My proposal provides that those who choose to work beyond age 60 has two opportunities ahead: the first is that you return to the old rate of annual return for future pension (2%) and at the same time receive a monthly allowance by INPS salary supplement equal to 30% of retirement. I know that I am departing from doubly to current regulations: not only the principle of non-overlapping between earned income and pensions, but the bargain is to receive the pension while remaining in the same job. But I think the laws have already been overcome in the proposal to increase the pension for more than 80% of the salary. Well, in this way, just gaining another 2% for 5 years (but again, it is not required to stay until 65, you choose to remain each year), I arrive more than 90% of final salary. In addition, in all the years I stopped working, I have a more substantial income. On the other hand, if I do not want this 30% immediately, but I prefer a pension even richer output, I can opt for the latter because of the crossroads every year rely on more work from the sixtieth to sixty-five, instead of 2% For example 3%. Check in to ripen a check that is almost 100% of final salary. We
again an example.
Yes, our workers with annual income of € 20 000, if he chooses to take as an incentive 30% of the accrued pension, receives an annual sum of € 4,920, added to his salary, which amounted to € 370 per month. In addition, if you are stopped for five years, at which point he gained an annual allowance of about € 18 000. If you do not want, conversely, 30% now, a couple future allocation of almost € 20 000 per year. But there
INPS loses?
No, explain why: if that employee had retired at 60 years, INPS would pay him from that moment on € 16,400 a year and stopped to collect contributions of € 6,600 (33% of 20 000). Because rather than remain in service pays only 30% of the pension of € 4,920 - in addition to pay, however. INPS save about € 18 000 a year (16,400 +6.600-4.920) and then in five years, about 90 000 euro, if the worker walking the way to the end of the incentive, which runs until 65. In this way I tried to build a kind of 'bridge', to 'harness', among the pensionabilità seniority (57 years) and old age (65), which many workers should be encouraged to follow rationally. Obligations not expected, but substantial incentives, and does not affect sull'Inps or on public accounts.

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The last article by Claudio Rinaldi

admit that I feel a special sympathy for Vincenzo Visco. I think its wrong and unnecessarily punitive tax policy, rule out that tax evasion is doing the fabled miracles that some people, I find regrettable, in him as in any politician, the absolute lack of cordiality, and I regret that, before the controversy about his conflict with the former commander of the Guardia di Finanza, has not felt the need to personally explain his reasons to the Parliament or to 'public opinion.

Therefore they are not objective, the Espresso, which I reprimanded the Prodi government has not taken advantage because of the clash with the GDF to get rid of the unpopular vice minister.

But I do not feel biased against Visco if now, after the news of his inclusion in the register of suspects of the Prosecutor of Rome, I say that would be well advised to resign from his delicate position.

I know it's possible that early assumptions accusations against him (abuse of office and threats to the General Roberto Speciale) may fall. Sincerely hope it to him. Otherwise, it would be for him the presumption of innocence which the Constitution provides for anyone who has not given a final sentence.

But there are reasons of political expediency, which should encourage a healthy step back to Visco.

sorry to remember, but in the sordid Berlusconi three characters in weight did not hesitate to step aside when, although they were not investigated by any judiciary, became the target of harsh political attacks as a result of conduct engaged in bad taste or just folklore.

Carlo Taormina resigned as Undersecretary of the Interior had stated that because certain pm Milan should have been arrested. Claudio Scajola resigned as interior minister because he had told two reporters that the poor Marco Biagi was "a pain in the ass." Roberto Calderoli resigned as minister of reforms because he wore a t-shirt printed on a sticker anti-Islamic.

If you go home as a result of behavior completely without criminal implications, I doubt that it is forward looking to hold onto a chair after he learned to be investigated even by threats. Visco

course is not one to be so many problems since day ago is presented in the inauguration of the new commander of the GDF though it was already stripped of delegates to the control of yellow flames.

Everyone has their own sensitivity.

must be said, however, is that the entire government Prodi to consider irrelevant, so it seems that inclusion of a few members in the register of suspects.

An example? The former police chief Gianni De Gennaro has been investigated in Genoa, but has conquered without a shot being fired the juicy post of Head of Cabinet of the Minister of the Interior.

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Perfect, Giavazzi!

Today in Italy there are three elderly people aged 65 years about every ten people of working age, 15-64 years. Fifteen years there will be four, in 2050, when our children will want to retire, seven. That is, ten people of working age will have to produce enough to sustain over 17 (well, because there will be children and young people under the age of sixteen).

But in Italy, as you know, participation in the labor market is very low, not all of those ten people of working age work. It is estimated that in 2050 so that every worker should support more than two people: himself, an elderly and perhaps even a child. It 'obvious that at that point or you will work longer, well over 65 years, retirement or more will not guarantee a dignified retirement. E 'right now is retiring at age 57, knowing that our children will have to work up to seventy? In Spain and the Netherlands the age limit is 65 years in Sweden 65 years with 40 years of contributions, and in Germany 63 years and 35 years of contributions, in France, from January 1 ˚, you will have paid 40 years of contributions; in Switzerland 65 years and 44 contributions.

We read on page 169 of the electoral program of the Union: "With the increasing trend in life expectancy, the gradual lengthening of the working career should become a physiological fact." Exactly! From Jan. 1 ˚ come into force The Maroni law that raises from 57 to 60 years the minimum age for retiring with 35 years of contributions. The law was passed in 2004, three years before the entry into force.

This is because the Berlusconi government accepted the unions' request for a reasonable notice. I notice three years have passed and it is time to apply what the law requires. The unions, who had also accepted the Maroni law, now require a new shift of time allowing for a more gradual change in the rules. But if you prefer a gradual increase in retirement ages, why do not they have agreed three years ago? Today we arrived at the age minimum of 60 years without stairs.

The truth, as Tito Boeri wrote in La Stampa - and supported Emma Bonino in Rome yesterday - is that trade unions and the radical left does not want any increase in the rather prefer a giant staircase - from 57 to 70 years-if not applies only to us but to our children. Often left-wing governments that are more successful are those preceded by a right-wing government. The reason is that the right is less influenced by the unions, and often this fixes the issues, the labor market, pensions - which is more complicated for the left tackle.

The decade of Tony Blair would not have received valuations both favorable and if he had not ruled before Margaret Thatcher. The same is happening in Spain Jose Luis Zapatero, who rules in the wake of the reforms undertaken by José Maria Aznar. In Paris, the Socialists hope that the more intelligent attempt to Sarkozy turning France, from the labor market to universities, to be successful and then inherit a country transformed. Romano Prodi has no such luck: Berlusconi, despite the wide majority in Parliament, for the most wasted opportunity, especially when it came to liberalize the economy.

But in two areas, the center-right has launched significant reforms: in the labor market, the Biagi law and the law on pensions Maroni. In both cases just enforce laws already in force. It can be so shortsighted as not to follow the example of Blair and Zapatero and throw away this opportunity?

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The suffering of nation-states to the time of U.S.

In the context of international relations, the signal of the transition from a world order based on consensus between nation-states to a world based on coercion practiced by a single superpower took place in June 2002, when President George W. Bush Jr. made public its new policy on national security. For most Americans, September 11, 2001 the world had changed irrevocably: Bush fueled this belief when, in his State of the Union February 2002, stated that in the face of an enemy state without the United States could no longer rely on traditional tools of deterrence to prevent attacks against its own people and their territory.
After the end of the Cold War
The United States would therefore have to predict where those attacks could be prepared and take preventive action to prevent the implementation of the attacks themselves. But a closer examination of how foreign policy has evolved and the American military after the Cold War demonstrates how the shift from interventions to defend the system of nation-states to actions aimed at undermining the system has started a long time before.
The triggering event was the end of the Cold War in 1989. In the next fifteen years, what began as a series of attempted military intervention aiming to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries turned into a frontal assault on the institution of the nation-state and Westphalian order. The first military intervention of the post-Cold War, aimed at reorganizing the nation-state through a decisive intervention in its internal political affairs, have been implemented in Bosnia, in Somalia and Haiti between 1992 and 1994, and were actions involving minors from 3000 to 25,000 units of U.S. ground troops. All these operations were carried out under the mandate of the UN Security Council. An irreversible change

Then there took less than a decade because the United States, backed by the United Kingdom, go to unprovoked invasion of Iraq with 200,000 men, despite strong public opposition to the world without the authorization of the Security Council of the United Nations and with the explicit objective of killing the messianic regime of Saddam Hussein and subsequent establishment of a friendly government of the United States, the West and Israel, and transformation of Iraq into a democracy model and an example to the rest of the Arab world.
Therefore, it is difficult not to conclude that something has changed irreversibly from the end of the Cold War, a change that has exerted relentless pressure on hegemonic power pushing the implementation of interventions becoming more common and more frequent and more intrusive in the internal affairs of member states of the United Nations. This pressure was making it increasingly difficult to maintain the Westphalian system configured by the charter of the United Nations. That
irreversible change was the advent of global capitalism, which since the seventies began to undermine the economic foundations of the nation state in order to create a single global system of trade and production. In the nineties, this process began to reshape the political system and the international order to conform to their own purposes. In an essay written in the early nineties, Jürgen Habermas has pointed out that since democracy was established to support the goals of nation-states, its survival could be put in serious danger in case of collapse of these institutions.
Fears of Habermas proved well founded. The first victim of the attack on democracy was the system of nation-states created by the Treaty of Westphalia and the Congress of Vienna, and consecrated, in its most recent expression in the Charter of the United Nations. The Treaty of Westphalia was signed in 1648 by France and its allies with King Ferdinand II of Spain, to end the Thirty Years' War that had devastated Europe. To achieve this goal, the treaty legitimized the existing governments, rearranged their territorial disputes, and established the ground rules for future mutual relations between states. This process stabilized the frontiers and gave birth to the concept of national sovereignty, the two essential attributes of the modern European state.
-the principles that govern relations between states emerged from the Treaty of Westphalia were later formalized by the Congress of Vienna. Although the boundaries set by these treaties have been altered several times by the hegemonic ambitions of either European power, the fundamental principles that had inspired them were invariably reaffirmed, and the order of Treaty of Westphalia restored, whenever peace is reaffirmed. Those principles were respect for sovereignty and national borders and the refusal to intervene in the internal affairs of another sovereign state, because any such intervention would be regarded as a hostile act.
The means by which the new order was maintained were diplomacy and military strategy. The purpose of diplomacy was to maintain a balance of power within the community of nations, while the military strategy was acting as a deterrent against attack. In practice, the Westphalian system was unable to prevent wars in the seventeenth and eighteenth century the major European nations fought 60-70 conflicts with each other during each century. However, he managed to instill in all nations a deep aversion to the disruptive actions of the status quo, while the disapproval of the unprovoked aggression by one country against another. The Westphalian order reached the peak of its effectiveness during the hundred years of peace between 1815 and 1914. After Germany's defeat in World War II, the Westphalian order picked up again and then getting a final consecration in the Constituent Charter of the United Nations. Article 1 The limited participation only to sovereign states. The Article 2 (4) requires states to "refrain in international relations from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state, or otherwise from any activity inconsistent with the purposes of the United Nations. " The Article 2 (7) forbade not only member states but the United Nations as a whole to intervene in the internal affairs of other states, "Nothing in this statute may authorize the United Nations to intervene in matters essentially attributable the domestic jurisdiction of any state. " Enhanced by the threat of "mutual assured destruction ', which emerged with the development of nuclear weapons, the United Nations system prevented the outbreak of war in large fifty years of the Cold War. Only when the advent of global capitalism began to subvert the very nation-states, the system began to be subjected to serious tensions. As hegemon of the twentieth century - the so-called "short century" - intent to extend its hegemony in the era of global capitalism, the United States led the attack on the system of nation-states and the Westphalian international order. Critics of U.S. expansionism liberal area exclude the possibility of rapid change and believe that the end of the Cold War has made a resurgence imperialist tendency in U.S. foreign policy dating back to the Monroe Doctrine. (...)
The victory in the Cold War and the subsequent "revolution of military affairs" in fact only removed the last obstacle to the consolidation of the American empire. The weakness of this hypothesis lies in its presumption of continuity. Undoubtedly, the creation of a network of military bases and the acquisition of territory on which to build has been an ongoing process. The first steps were made in the decade following the English-American War of 1896, when the American military bases installed in places as far apart as Guam, Hawaii, the Philippines, the Panama Canal, Puerto Rico and Cuba, but were World War II and Then the Cold War to allow the U.S. to expand their network of bases in Western Europe, Okinawa, Japan, Korea, Thailand, Australia and New Zealand. The expansion of military presence in the United States continued after the end of the Cold War. After the first Gulf War, new U.S. bases were built in Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, Qatar, Bahrain, Oman, Egypt and Djibouti. The disintegration of Yugoslavia became the pretext for the establishment of bases in Bosnia and Kosovo and the Soviet Union led to the creation of bases in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Kyrgyzstan. After 11 September, the United States forced the Pakistan, in fact, with the threat of arms, to join the new global war on terrorism: Pakistan gave the U.S. the use of airbases in Jacobabad, Pasni and Quetta. Finally, after the Afghan war, the United States has acquired three additional air bases in Afghanistan at Bagram, near Kabul, Mazar-i-Sharif, north of the Hindu Kush and Kandahar in the south of the country. But this continuity
mask, and thus prevents recognize one very important difference in how the bases were created. Some of them were through coercion, and that is an invasion or threat to invade a territory belonging to another sovereign state. The remaining, and it is still the most part, were created with the full consent of the nations concerned. Moreover, the choice of method used to expand the power and the American sphere of influence was not random.
cycles of capitalism
Member United resorted to coercion to acquire territory or the base into two distinct periods: the first in the last decade of the nineteenth and first decade of the twentieth century, the second after the Cold War, and particularly after September 11. At the turn of the two periods, with rare exceptions, the expansion of military power and influence of the United States has been tolerated or even welcomed by the nations concerned. The reason for this difference must be sought in the expansion capital cycle. The first use of force coincided with the advent of systemic chaos that marked the end of the third cycle of expansion and, consequently, of British hegemony. The second use of force is a response to systemic chaos was triggered by the end of the fourth round of expansion of capitalism and the advent of the fifth, namely globalization. This is a reflection of the American attempt to forge a new world order and to establish its hegemony over it. The extensive common ground and expand the network of American bases between these two periods, reflects the consolidation of American hegemony in the fourth round of expansion of capitalism.
arrivals worldwide
The process was made easier by the assumption of the role of the United States was a friend and protector during the Second World War and the Cold War, and the fact that the expansion of capitalism which triggered the growth of United States took place in the framework of the Westphalian system of nation-states. In contrast, the expansion of American power after the Sept. 11, particularly in Afghanistan, Pakistan and Iraq, reveals the blatant disregard for national sovereignty and underscores the intent to replace the Westphalian system with an American empire built on military supremacy and the constant threat of force. This has triggered an alarm around the world and forced the countries that previously had agreed to host the U.S. bases and military hegemony to reconsider the opportunity to continue to house them. He also already pushed Saudi Arabia to ask the U.S. to close the bases in its territory and convinced France Germany and Belgium to revive the proposal for the creation of a European defense force outside the NATO umbrella. It has also alarmed American liberals not only because they find repugnant the idea of \u200b\u200ban American empire, but also because this strategy is destroying the hegemony created so largely peaceful during the 'American Century'.

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Finally the truth

Even as one of the principal architects of the Iraq war washes His hands of the whole bloody mess, there is still only a vague understanding of the real reason behind the invasion, But evidence of the intense interest of the international Continues to build oil companies. Only last week, ExxonMobil chief executive Rex Tillerson said in London: "We look forward to the day when we can partner with Iraq to develop that resource potential." Despite their interest and influence, however, the decision to attack was not taken in the boardroom. Iraq was indeed all about oil, but in a sense that transcends the interests of individual corporations, however large.
The elephant in the drawing room was the fact that global oil production is likely to peak within about a decade. Aggregate oil production in the developed world has been falling since 1997, and all major forecasters expect world output excluding Opec to peak by the middle of the next decade. From then on everything depends on the cartel, but unfortunately there is growing evidence that Opec's members have been exaggerating the size of their reserves for decades.

Oil consultancy PFC Energy briefed Dick Cheney in 2005 that on a more realistic assessment of Opec's reserves, its production could peak by 2015. A report by the US Department of Energy, also in 2005, concluded that without a crash programme of mitigation 20 years before the event, the economic and social impacts of the oil peak would be "unprecedented". The evidence suggests these fears were already weighing heavily with Cheney, Bush and Blair.

In a world of looming shortage, Iraq represented a unique opportunity. With 115bn barrels, it had the world's third biggest reserves, and after years of war and sanctions they were the most underexploited. In the late 1990s, production averaged about 2m barrels, but with the necessary investment its reserves could support three times that. In a report to the security council, UN inspectors warned in January 2000 that sanctions had caused irreversible damage to Iraq's reservoirs. But sanctions could not be lifted with Saddam still in place.

Cheney knew, fretting about global oil depletion in a speech in London the following year, where he noted that "the Middle East with two thirds of the world's oil and lowest cost is still where the prize ultimately lies". Blair too had reason to be anxious: British North Sea output had peaked in 1999, while the petrol protests of 2000 had made the importance of maintaining the fuel supply excruciatingly obvious.

Britain's and the US's fears were secretly formalised during the planning for Iraq. It is widely accepted that Blair's commitment to support the attack dates back to his summit with Bush in Texas in April 2002. What is less well known is that at the same summit, Blair proposed and Bush agreed to set up the US-UK Energy Dialogue, a permanent liaison dedicated to "energy security and diversity". Its existence was only later exposed through a freedom of information inquiry.

Both governments refuse to release minutes of Dialogue meetings, but one paper dated February 2003 notes that to meet projected demand, oil production in the Middle East would have to double by 2030 to more than 50m barrels a day. So on the eve of the invasion, UK and US officials were discussing how to raise production from the region - and we are invited to believe this is coincidence. The bitterest irony is, of course, that the invasion has created conditions that guarantee oil production will remain hobbled for years to come, bringing the global oil peak that much closer. So if that was plan A, what on earth is plan B?

· David Strahan is the author of The Last Oil Shock: A Survival Guide to the Imminent Extinction of Petroleum Man

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Europe Piagnoni

Curiosiamo nel web e troviamo un
giornalista della Bbc (della Bbc!) da
mesi in ostaggio degli islamisti, imprigionato
da una cintura esplosiva. Clicchiamo
e c’è la voce del caporale Shalit,
humiliated and offended by a year in prison
who blasphemes the name of your
gracious and merciful God. The
fragile and a bit 'fatuous Salman Rushdie is still under
fatwa, and we have pointed out when he became a baronet of

queen. Robert Redeker
semi-clandestine lives. Gaza is in the hands of a bunch of murderers
called
Hamas, supported actively by qaidisti
al Zawahiri. Hamas said it was
by realists of our boots that needed
cuddle, especially after
their electoral victory, because they would become good
,
had to think about the complexity of the problem, the
real, welfare, and
desperation of a people, we had to finance them,
treat, and in the meantime
hundreds of dead killed by tribal methods
unprecedented, with religious ferocity, as
was for Fatah al Islam in Lebanon, a
bell'eccidio
among Muslims until the rendering of six English soldiers.
But we take care of our
good conscience, do not recognize the
state of international war, we are ridiculously
divided in Afghanistan
only hear the complaining that the West does not fight
(Italy in the first line in
complaining) , to cover the noise of
battle against the Taliban, who now will recover
their hospitals by Gino Strada. The West-
€
humanitarian who is kidnapped, take off, blackmail, which philosophizes
on the faults of Israel's unilateral withdrawal
, who does not notice
burning of synagogues, Christian
hunted and martyred, by which time '
other side every time you need to look reality in the face
, and tolerate the shame of the Islamist war
deployed,
not only deserves criticism or
loving compassion for the destiny that chose
: deserves the contempt

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The best news of the year, the cost of PV down more and more go to jail

The production costs of photovoltaic cells are collapsing, and so in the coming years, the solar become a 'mainstream option' for the production of electricity. It supports the Worldwatch Institute in Washington in a document drawn up together with the Prometheus Institute in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and released a couple of weeks ago. Interestingly, even as the climate issue on the agenda of world leaders - fighting the abnormal warming of the atmosphere means ridure gas emissions, "greenhouse" such as carbon dioxide, emitted in combustion processes and especially when we burn fossil fuels, thus producing more energy alternatives to oil (and renewable). The sun's energy is one of the ideal alternative. And though a bit 'costs, a bit 'the political will, ensure that by the time the solar panel option remains minor. At least the first
alibi, however, the cost begins to fail. In fact, production costs have already dropped a lot compared to twenty or thirty years ago, and now we see a collapse. Only since 2000 the PV industry has grown six times, and grew by 41% in 2006 alone. It is true that solar electricity networks still represents less than 1% of the world, but in 2006 increased by 50%, notes the Worldwatch. (As an aside it should be noted that the production of solar energy comes in the networks because it will be on a tiny scale for a consumer located in remote places: the panel next to the house of a village in the Amazon carries the electricity to where they will never get the cable distribution network, but does not enter into calculations. For "isolated users," let's call them, solar energy is not alternative but the only possible). But back to the production recorded in networks: driving the boom are Germany and Japan, and Spain will enter the group this year (thanks to its new solar power plant) and the United States followed closely.
So far, notes Worldwatch, growth was limited by a shortage of industrial production of purified polysilicon, which is necessary for photovoltaic cells (the same semiconductor material at the base of the electronics industry, but in 2006 for the first time more than half of the polysilicon product in the world has been used to make photovoltaic cells). This will change over the next two years, when they come into production over a dozen producers of polysilicon in Europe, China, Japan and the USA. The increased availability, together with new advances in technology will lower costs by 40% over the next three years, according to estimates Prometheus Institute. Here, as in many other areas, pushing costs down, in particular, is China with its thirst for energy, the wide availability of labor and its strong industrial base. The biggest news of 2006 was the growth in production capacity in China, which overtook the United States (home of the first modern solar cell, produced by Bell Labs in the 50s): China now has the third largest producer of solar cells, after Germany and Japan. Producing the first Chinese company, Suntech Power, was the eighth largest producer in 2005 and fourth in 2006 (and its president has become one of the richest Chinese).
Meanwhile, the shortage of raw materials (polysilicon) has led manufacturers to use it more efficiently, thereby speeding up the emergence of technologies that do not rely on purified polysilicon and are even cheaper, so-called thin cells made amorphous silicon and other cheaper materials. All this, concludes the Worldwatch Institute, indicates that the PV is becoming a viable and competitive option for generating electricity without emitting carbon dioxide. I'll have even the Italian planners will take note, since we are in the bottom places ...

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remains a mystery how the country that wants the champion of freedom in the world has changed in society over the prison planet. In the early 70s the United States had a percentage of prisoners than the entire population, comparable to that of Western Europe, but today there is practiced the largest ever recorded in internment a parliamentary democracy. In 2004 about one hundred thousand people there were seven hundred and sixty prisoners, against the forty-Japan, eighty of France, Italy ninety-four. In the U.S., that is, there are sixteen times more prisoners than in Japan and eight times more than in Italy. Only the post-Cold War Russia has comparable numbers: seven hundred and thirty prisoners every hundred thousand inhabitants. If you add to them who is on parole for good behavior or, in the U.S. monitored the total exceeded 4.3 million people in 1990 and seven million in 2004. That is, at any time in the United States more than three hundred adults are caught in the net of justice.
not surprising that the subject arouses the curiosity of journalists and researchers. Almost always prevails a sociological look like in the book by a disciple of Pierre Bourdieu, Loïc Wacquant (Punishing the poor). This contrasts with the perspective of Elizabeth the Great who, while reviewing all aspects of American carcerizzazione, look at the phenomenon from an angle less traveled and asks what are the mechanisms for investigation, litigation and legal proceedings that have sent so many people behind the bars. The title of his book The third strike. The prison in America (with a note of Adriano Sofri; Sellerio, pp. 168, € 15) points out that provision, approved by an overwhelming majority for the first referendum in California and then in other states, so that the third sentence, even for minor offenses, automatically results in life sentence: three strikes and you are out. At the third "hit" they close the cell and 'throw away the key. "
Elizabeth Large reports horrific cases: for example, a man sentenced to life imprisonment (with the proviso that can not get out on parole after serving fifty years before) for stealing nine videotapes worth from one hundred and fifty dollars, just because he had previous theft and transportation of marijuana, or another recidivist punished with life imprisonment for stealing a piece of meat valued at $ 5 and 62 cents (4.19 euro) plus that was used to feed the handicapped brother and mother Both hungry because the board of the latter was lost in the mail.
What has been lost on the street is the idea that punishment should be proportionate to the seriousness of the offense. In this regard, the book uses a legal term often evocative: it speaks of bagatellari crimes, follies of life imprisonment. It is distraught that the very notion of judicial punishment and is not even the hypocrisy of bourgeois penalty as a means of orthopedic, through the redemption that punish that Michel Foucault has dissected in a masterly way. If they could, the judges would like their U.S. colleagues of the colonial powers of yesteryear, will ship held in Cayenne or Siberia.
Elisabetta Grande follows the meanders court the accumulation of small devices that combined crowd the prisons. Two examples. One is based on the idea that the truth of the case should be decided by battle between defense and prosecution during the trial. But good lawyers because they charge by the three hundred thousand dollars for each hour of work, deprived the defendants can receive only a defense motion that is performed by inexperienced lawyers or in decline, overwhelmed by a huge amount of work and paid a poverty: "In Georgia, in 2002, three lawyers from the same family are represented in court for 776 poor people accused in an average cost of $ 49.86 (€ 37.21) ... Also in Georgia, a lawyer appointed to defend the court found 94 defendants in the same day. " The weakness of the defense motion makes it easier for prosecutors to condemn the poor, and then fill out the list of winners of their convictions, necessary to launch his political career. For the same reason, defenders tend to abuse the office of plea bargaining, plea bargain before trial, with admission of guilt in case of innocence: a better reduction of sentences that the lottery process. Hence the increase in the number of repeat offenders, and then of those who fall into the nightmare of the third strike. The number of prisoners becomes an independent variable that has nothing to do with the number and seriousness of the crimes actually committed, but rather is related to the rate of anxiety "Securitarian" that the media and politicians are able to instill in the public opinion.
The "great internment" American (to borrow another key term in Foucault) as follows by a perverse mix between the media system and representative democracy, and the specificity of the racist connotation of all U.S. detention.
The fact and law and order is first of all white law to bring order among blacks that although only 12.5 percent (one out of eight) of the population but account for almost half (one in two) of American prisoners, so that the detention is an almost inevitable rite of passage for a young black man raised in an urban ghetto. The effects on American society are outlandish and inconceivable: for example, this rate of imprisonment has reintroduced polygamy in urban ghettos, because black women have to share the few males out of the bars.
What an excellent book by Elizabeth Large can not do is predict the long-term incarceration as a huge produce the fabric of American society. Of course it is a strange society in which the correction (as they call themselves the companies involved) is one of the leading sectors of the economy: the judicial system employs 2.3 million people in 2001 and fight crime has cost the U.S. one hundred sixty-seven billion dollars, three times and a half times more than nineteen years earlier. Elisabetta Grande notes worried that other countries (especially those of the Commonwealth) are following the U.S. on the same street. I do not know if postmodern theorists had in mind also that involution concentration camp.
PS. Publishers and editors should Adriano Sofri to defend himself, even when it exposes the thesis, it shall then make a surplus of hatred that does a disservice to his intelligence. Here in the initial note rightly argues that the law ex-Cirielli shows that Italy is being Americanized. But why to say it must do before a shot sull'antiamericanismo any discourse on prisons and then joined the U.S. anti-Semitism? Maybe that analyze the rise of Silvio Berlusconi is a symptom of anti-Italian? Here too we observe a perverse effect: the legal persecution suffered by Sofri and supported by the right, has paradoxically led to a hatred towards the left, perhaps it should take longer to brake.

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The Chinese in America Via Sarpi

Who is behind? The Triads, the black company, racketeering, and the loan sharks - the most sophisticated variant - even Confucius. Get to grips with the mystery Chinese in our home - the "revolt" of Via Sarpi, 12 April - the media are inevitably finite in the funnel of the conspiracy.
'In China there's really nothing mysterious ... Just study it. " He said something like Zhou Enlai and Henry Kissinger in the first conference US-China joint press. Learning from the book by Stephen Camels, not surprisingly titled Chinese Shadows (Einaudi). With all due respect to the mythical Chinese Foreign Minister, Maoist version of the archetype of the wise Duke of Zhou, to study China and the Chinese is not chores.
Mastering Mandarin is a trial, by itself, has a life. The sociologist Daniel Cologne, codes of the research, the Chinese know (I teach at the universities of Pavia and Insubria) and a decade of field studies the community up-Milanese. We rely on him to de-construct some of the stereotypes about Chinese immigrants.
All media, including poster, call the China town Via Sarpi area. And you're pissed. Why? The definition
China town has a history and geography. For China town district means a mono-ethnic segregated, enclosed space in which Chinese immigrants were forced to live where they condense and ethnically exclusive services, including schools and hospitals. This was and continues to be part of the China town in the United States and South-East Asia. For example: when in 1900 in San Francisco last epidemic of plague broke out, the Chinese were banned from the shelter in the city's hospitals. In Europe there have never been the real China town. This area around Via Sarpi, where the first Chinese arrived in the twenties from France and Holland, is not never been a segregated area. 90% of residents are still Italian. Only 10% of 13 000 Chinese rule in Milan residents live there, others are in Affori, Niguarda and Via Padova.
If it is not a China town, what is via Sarpi?
E 'where the pole functional focus of economic activities in China. Until the Nineties, were shops and textile workshops. Then the manufacturing has been replaced by wholesale products mostly imported from China. In the square there are about 500 companies 'road'. According ViviSarpi, the association of Italian residents, 60% of traders Chinese landlord in which it operates. Who has not bought the premises, it has shelled out large numbers - between 200 and 300 000 euro - to 'take over' the Italians and pay rent on 3 000 € per month. Buying from wholesalers to retailers and via Sarpi bancarellai Northern Italy (including the Chinese are a tiny minority). For the Chinese, via Sarpi is a pole of dedicated services (travel agencies, paperwork, sales of DVDs, books and newspapers, herbalists) and a background clearance symbolic. It 's the place where a Chinese immigrant feels vaguely at his home.
The leader in Sarpi street? The question hovered over the "revolt" and reappeared on the deal to relocate outside Milan wholesale.
Take this retropensiero always. As Chinese we all look the same, dark and silence, there must be a force for capobastone giving orders. But the Chinese immigrants in Milan, although they come from the same area (rural, mountainous area around Wenzhou, the capital of Zhejiang, the province of South-east China) are not all equal. The community is very up-Milanese stratified economically and socially. They range from middle-class born in Italy that are known to move through the maze of political institutions and business, the proletarian struggle to understand the difference between a commissioner and a city councilman. In Milan there are fewer than 18 Chinese associations, none has ever field to represent the entire community. They are all associations of entrepreneurs who make their interests, used as a calling card for accreditation from the motherland. The Chinese company in Italy continues to be a family, clan-based. This prevents that there is one summit that all controls are all available. This is reflected in the negotiation with Palazzo Marino on relocation. Who is the Chinese people at that table? By whom and how they had the mandate to deal with?
of relocation has been discussed for at least five years. Then the oldest of the Chinese associations proposed San Donato. Not if they did nothing through no fault of the Chinese. So too will end in Arese? None of the common hinterland
paws on its territory for the wholesalers Chinese. Instead, all bridges are gold hypermarkets. I do not know for what reasons Formigoni has pulled out of the cylinder is the area of \u200b\u200bformer Alfa Arese. Who gains? Of course, the real estate owners in the area. It 'also true that the Chinese are not willing to lose. And I understand them.
Sarpi street traders have a reputation for being fearless and savvy entrepreneurs.
's another common place. 75% of them is the first entrepreneurial experience. To put the Chinese cross the river feeling the stones at random. And 'people who take risks, get into debt, he liver, but took its beautiful catch. Wholesale via Sarpi in recent years is in crisis. You are thrown in too, with the consent of the City now screams the free zone. The crowd has dropped the gains, while the costs to be amortized remain high. Whatever you do to finish the negotiations on the relocation - and the process will take years - the wholesale trade sector is saturated. E 'instead of expanding, and this is the real news in Milan, the entry of Chinese in local services: dry cleaners, newspaper stands, pizzerias, bars, hardware. The Chinese took over the Italians, without any new shops that maintain, even in teaching, the original imprint. This is why we talk about entrepreneurship camouflage.
Two weeks after the "revolt," Sarpi area in two Chinese boys were killed in broad daylight on the street. Mom the Triads, But ...
But the identity and location of the short life of the victims - one I knew - it was clear that the major organized crime had nothing to do with that crime. The atmosphere is that of youth gangs, a phenomenon that accompanies migration. It begins as thugs who do braggarts the restaurant, eat and do not pay the bill. And in some cases you have to take threats to their compatriots for extortion, kidnappings not reported lightning, the settling of scores between rival gangs for a Sgarro suffered. The protagonists are the lost boys of the generation that sociologists define 1.25, arrived in Italy with teenagers behind family reunification difficult. Do not go to school, do not learn Italian, rebel work ethic of their parents. Within a few days the authors of the double murder were arrested in Milan. The community they have not been covered and this breaks another commonplace, the silence of the Chinese. Of the Triads, criminal organizations born in Canton and Taiwan, involved in the smuggling of weapons and drugs, prostitution and dirty finance, in Italy there is no trace.
brings us to Confucius. It is fashionable to interpret China's success, and also of its migrants in the light of neo-Confucian model.
be distinguished. In China there is some time a revival of Confucius, sponsored by Premier Wen Jia Bao to trace historically the foundations of the 'harmonious society' Beijing says it wants to achieve. A message also turned out: they are named after Confucius institutes of culture that China is opening around the world. But the Neo-Confucianism is always a key to explain China. It 'was applied even to Maoism and, at least since the Seventies, Chinese migration to Southeast Asia. This is not the time to take stock of the effectiveness of an interpretative model, in rough summary, focuses on cultural heritage in order to explain the economy. Here I will only say that the Chinese migration in Italy Confucius contradicts at least one point. In our country, one quarter of Chinese entrepreneurs are women. This would not like to Confucius.

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Cards For An Anniversary Of A Death

The views of the poster on the waste emergency in Campania

Waste undemocratic. In Campania, the land of confrontation-conflict democratic passes through the waste disposal plan. Surely there are other wounds on the ground, the crisis of the industrial unemployment, by the mafia to illegal, from black to work housing problems. But it is now full-blown war of the bags, which creates fractures exists between people and institutions, which contrasts not only citizens of the state, but also becomes a state against state.
Fourteen years of commissioner to handle an emergency is a paradox. They know the special commissioners and governments that have followed, they know the local authorities, but do not have the courage to admit guilt and responsibility. In all this time they have always sought to privilege the interests of private, as opposed to the common good. That is not the landfill Serre - you want to open at any cost in the shelter of a protected natural oasis - to be representative of the relationship cycle waste-profit industry, but the Acerra incinerator. The plant should be ready in October 2007 and in the new plan just approved by the Council of Ministers would be part of the two incinerators that should solve the case-Campania. But it is not.
10 million ecoballe
There are currently 10 million ecoballe that the ministry does not consider the environment in accordance with, and then you can not burn. Cdr still in the material is not stored according to the procedures for incineration. The separate collection and stops at 10%. Have not yet been identified for special landfills where "bury" the result of burning ash, highly toxic materials. Not to mention who is doing the work: the Fibe, currently listed as the only responsible for not disposing of waste in the region and investigated for fraud. The company sees that the shareholders of the Impregilo Cesare Romiti is in fact able to spend from '94 to now, more than 800 million euro without coming to the crisis. Yet at the time its proposal was not the best. In fact, the company won the tender with the facilities are so dilapidated that judiciary, laid a hand seized, and with a project, the Acerra incinerator of fact, which earned him 27 tasks required by the ministerial committee. But there was nothing to do. The police had to anticipate the company 100 billion lire for the construction of facilities of RDF that judges have later judged inadequate and impounded. The prosecutor of Naples has also demanded the confiscation of all'Impregilo € 43 million and debts, for 109 million that the company should collect from the region and from various towns. Finally, the Senate Environment Committee of the Fibe have also entered into agreements with persons on the land of stockpiles criminals. For all this Campania has been the termination of the contract, but after two tenders almost desert is still the same company to manage the cycle.
In 1999, after the plan of the then president of the region Rakes (An), when the Fibe wins the tender for the construction of an incinerator gets carte blanche on the indication of the site. The institutions, therefore, wash their hands on a delicate business and community importance. The company uses an intermediary to Afragola, who bought the land from the peasants of Acerra at bargain prices and resells them to Fibe. It 's all decided, without consulting the local administration and without even having the EIA (environmental impact) you want to start "working." Nationals are alarmed. Acerra is an area already beset by industry, here is Montefibre, not counting the illegal dumps that have created a short circuit environment. Dioxin in the soil has reached alarm levels in the milk of animal testing they found the presence of: 54 picograms per gram of fat when the acceptable level is 3. Committees created the first anti-incinerator. "At first we were a few," says John De Laurenti, currently secretary of the PRC citizen and who was then 20 years. "The positions were different - more - there were those who simply stated that the plant should not be built in Acerra, who was opposed to this type of incinerator, the most largest in Europe, and those of us who were against the idea of \u200b\u200bincineration pursuing an anti-capitalist culture. We were fighting against the principle of a system that makes you consume and then burn what you eat. "
was born on the committee against the incinerator, to live inside various anime, parties, the movement, the area of \u200b\u200bthe unemployed, but soon the whole town is identified in this fight. The first year we try to tackle the project data in hand. They wonder audits and environmental compatibility. The local health authorities, however, gives the green light, the harp no. Throughout 2002 the committee promotes marches and protest actions. On January 27, 2003 must begin the work, it was decided by mutual agreement with the administration of the center-right to force his hand. Together with Mayor Michael Riemma (Fi) occupy the Acerra site. Is created in a playground, an organic vegetable garden, the sheep are raised symbol of environmental degradation. The virus spreads through the town of participatory democracy, the principle of re-appropriation of the territory: concerts, events, debates which involves both internationally renowned scholars such as Professor Paul Connet. But the special commissioners, to be the first to Bassolino bolts later, do not want it to let go. It attempts to show the selfishness of a small village that implements the logic of not in my backyard, not in my backyard. But in 2004 a researcher at the CNR, Alfredo Mazza, reports a study in the journal Lancet that leaves little doubt about what is happening in the province of Caserta and Naples Camorra on the management of illegal waste. In the triangle Acerra, Nola, Marigliano because of toxic materials in soils and aquifers is in fact the surge in cancer mortality and the increase in cardio-circulatory diseases and diabetes. In May of that year Espedito Marletta (PRC) becomes mayor with more than 75% of the vote thanks to the hard line against the incinerator. On August 17 the yard near Pantano was cleared. The megainceneritore will. On 29 August at an event with over 30 thousand people in front of the site of the police and carabinieri Fibe receive the order to quell the crowd. It 's a day urban warfare in Acerra, the balance between injured and arrests will be very high. Even the mayor Espedito Marletta and Senator Thomas Sodano are batons and taken to hospital. From that moment never to set foot in the Acerra site.
"A battle of survival"
"But we have not given up - said Thomas Edwards, spokesman for the committee - let's move on to other roads. Here it is implementing the freezing of democracy. A community has the right to choose their own future. Ours is not a selfish position, but a battle for survival. " Professor Antonio Marfella, Pascale's oncologist, agrees to Acerra: "They want to build an incinerator by 2000 tons per day, most of Paris - he said - is evident that the area already damaged will not be reclaimed, in a country where there is 84% \u200b\u200bmore malformations in children, between Naples and the province of 2 million people out of 6 have an excessive level of dioxin in the body, because certified by the region. " But there is another solution? Separate collection and recycling. Aversa is Erreplast factory that recycles plastics and metals, is at the forefront and is likely to close for lack of orders because you have chosen the way of incinerators, as well as the paper mills that could recycle the paper. The people now understand that there is no other way for the safe disposal, so they rebel Bertolaso \u200b\u200band the government. "We knew it would be a long and difficult battle - admits the mayor of Acerra Espedito Marletta - a clash between state power. We are going forward to appeal, we are not resigned. " Until October 2007

North Face Outlet In Austin

Vulgarity in Rome

Pure fighters, he called one night
Piero Fassino. "But nothing has changed
. He also spoke to the Capitol.
Nothing to be done. He says that maybe it will end
, "I should not wonder if one day there was a
or other sheets of
people in my neighborhood."
eye does not close. "Every night there are three thousand
people gathering in the square
in which I live. The exasperation of
anyone living there came to danger levels, "he
raccontanto in an interview with Barbara Romano
of Free. "I would hope that there was
regulatory intervention." It will have to wait
, the secretary of the DS. Even
him, even though for years
keeps on hitting the button, we won nothing.
"I am very bothered by how they
degraded some areas of the old town."
So sleep late in coming, and more
that the chance of the Democratic Party are
those with megaphones screaming in the square beneath the windows of
Fassino,
at three in the morning, unbearably
annoying, not even one had pulled the hair shirt of
Binetti. He blurts out and mumbles
sleepless wandering around the house, the leader of
Via Nazionale. Below, as they say, "if
magna if you drink and if he sings," and every night
carry his cross, and Piero
makes even hard to concentrate on his beloved musicals.
It is not even the desire of
singing "Hello, Dolly!", As you can come

the words to face the day after, say, Francesco Rutelli? But the outburst
Fassino, in most of the newspaper
Felt, is a sign that the threshold has been passed
, exhausted the patience, tolerance
scraped off. A Veltroni certainly
ears must have booed, but will blame
noise that rises from the dead Romans, the casino remains

everything perfectly intact. "Eleven
restaurants in a square of four hundred square meters, it seems excessive
frankly," he listed
Fassino. The square is within walking distance from
House. "Not at all, seven restaurants, wine shop and a bar
" accounts
Flamini Luciano, owner of one of those restaurants
. He says: "So 'angry
only in three, and even if one is super important
we can not do a national scandal.

The fun can not be blocked by the two at night is a desert. "
says Flamini
all authorizations have been met, that there is
problem of public order, the megaphones
sell them in the street
the Chinese side that there are no drunks. "The guys have

go somewhere to have fun." The center of the square is occupied by
bar, some chairs fintoghepardate
to be astonished, and in fact
the tables seem to follow you everywhere.
front of a plate of cheese and pepper
Flamini explains and re-explain, "during the summer
people make more noise, it should be fun
, then there are too many workers."
short, irritation fassiniana
him - forced to shut down a nightclub that had
Prati, "because there was a lady who

to protest against noise was put on a cross" - does not understand.
Short Cuts: "A Torpignattara
is not true that there is no noise, no Torpignattara
Fassino. Which, not
is now lamenting the sad fate
rising from the square below. It tells of his phone calls
years old
to the Capitol, "not
I slept well last night, but nothing. Indeed, over time they arrived
well as Chinese. The main problem
city \u200b\u200bseems
his fear of the void. Where do you see
a quiet square, a peaceful open space, isolate
an alley, there is a trial pack runs,
to cram, to press. Nothing can be left
mackerel, lonely, silent.
The clumping occurs suddenly, with a sort of merry
hysteria. At worst, the local town hall

can place a statue - or diamonds or cubic
phallic columns of travertine: Michelangelo
but should find ways to get revenge
- peaceful gardens "retrained" (retraining,

terrible word in the capital, almost the other one from
sound menacing restyling) in stony expanses
where not even the dog knows where to pee
(but where they know where to pee
humans), useful in
useless fountain fountains rebuilt.
in this suburb. In the center, for one thing, you do not know how to escape
- pending
pain in the ass of the night - the breaking of balls
time of the aperitif.
This happy hour, you know: I miss the
retired journalists say more drink.
for a glass of sparkling wine and canapés
some constipated, we create gatherings that even

selections for the "perfect bride" s'arraffano
chairs and stools and walls, will tip the balance
honor (unaware Siffredi)
on winning a potato chip. And there are all, with the handset open
legs
groin height, and furiously beat
flying over the keys, and must be a tiring job
if you can not even pull
for the moment of drinking. Or maybe
the usual crap, and some unproductive
pippetta technological genius, but also
pippetta trend, that kind
Second Life - "Oh, you know who have I become?"
"Something better than a head
Cock? "- doing quite honestly
the first penalty - a life, oh yes!
Manco the poor people at the table of Caritas
make such a mob in
waiting for food. Well, of course, is social.
you're sitting a wall, holding a tumbler from sprouting

mountains of ice (deadly blow to
Polo, all the ice you need to refresh
a worthy happy hour), or mint or basil
vegetables varies three or four colored straws
:
an artifact of such proportions, filled with dignity,
could be used to mop
two or three offices. Wisely,
some poor guy who lives over there at one point threatens
worthy
bucket of water, which, unfortunately, almost never comes
. "Are not you ashamed?" Shouted a man in a
who was pissing
the hallway of the house. "Shame on you, who dresses
in Trastevere", a replica of Mrs.
dall'incontenibile bladder. With the advance of the night
-
open his stomach with the first drink - is where it gets even more
dark. In
Roman nights abound
vomiting (which happens), the urine (where it happens),
drunks (in many places), the noise
(everywhere). The unbearable
now runs under the skin of the city. If a
Fassino as he can not get away from a spider hole
, imagine a poor
whatsoever. The idea of \u200b\u200bthe Capitoline divertimentificio
- there are people who prefer
Rome to Rimini, and certainly not for the Galleria Borghese
at hand - went
perhaps more than any intention, and now appears
out of control.
the right to break the eardrums with screams and noises at three in the morning
is, at best,
equated the right to silence.
And almost always wins first.
the heart of Rome is a vast expanse of
tables, all of a Magna heavy
along roads and streets and ravines. Tourists from the air
not quite awake, working as waiters
buttadentro,
sometimes excellent food, lasagna, which they see them
disgust. Rome magna and drinks. Then
sounds and screams.
Now here the question arises: how
never the city that the mayor
more polite in the world, its well suited to
literature, curious and sensitive, has become a city
like rudeness,
like invasion, often
bad taste like? He asked a policeman to a tenant
exacerbated by the large pisciatorio
her house: "Can we come
on his balcony to check?".
maximum availability, "Sure. Just bring
well as snipers. " There's the adrenaline that
runs through the narrow streets of downtown and there
bile which breaks out into the surrounding houses.
So that's the mystery. Even
city prefect, Achille Serra,
polite and civil, also with a vocation
writing and led to some understanding of the phenomena of modernity
,
"in Montmartre and London
local restaurants do not close before three.
And we do, we close at midnight? "

is the personification of good education. And then, "I do not care"
compared to everyone else, where does?
This sort of regression to the primitive
and the casino, this widespread cafonaggine
mass, where does? A spot of leopard
, irritation - according to the chronicles
towns -
widens day by day: from the square of Fassino in Trastevere, with some lanes of

few meters and more than twenty local, Prati Testaccio
San Lorenzo in Campo de 'Fiori, where
has long struggle to maintain control of the area with a
perigliosità
strategy from Afghanistan. "There are the 'violence',
a violent game with the ball,
a sort of one against all.
ferocity and casualties, "he says with bitter irony, a policeman. Advance
the trendy places,
advances the casino. The latest idea comes
by the Financial Times, which has focused the eye
sull'Ostiense, "Here lives the new
Dolce Vita", and if so far around the gasometer
whether they were escaped, now come
problems. Everyone takes the appearance of
Dolce Vita in Rome, everything becomes an event, everything
clutter and trim and we recycle - and
become so well, for many, as only
a terrible life. The exact opposite of what
also argued that as an architect Massimiliano Fuksas
: "You have to remove,
remove, remove".
patrol
of drunks roam the city. There
something surreal in the disputes that turn on in the capital,
from "War of the tables," apparently

a notch above the classic "War of the Buttons" in reality tide
upright topomasticamente rampant, even in streets where
almost certain evenings
not even walk on foot. Those outdoor tables
Fellini imagined
heavy but happy in his "Rome" now transformed into a swamp
shapeless
without rhyme or reason. "Wild Coffee"
the newspapers call a classic Capitoline.
And then, the "war of the bottle" -
and keeps the glass, and put the glass, and feel the Tar
- and every thing you do Eternal and more
stretches over time and leaves
in the solution. In Rome, the alcohol flows
rivers, four drunken foreigners
damaged the fountain in Piazza di Spagna,
and alcohol-free
a woman is stripped and inserted into the Trevi.
Sometimes it seems a "Tana Libera Tutti" without
grace and without measure, the capital. They say, ah
, millions of tourists! A sort of
other dogma, tourists. Now, if one is not a
landlord or a taxi or a pickpocket,
tourists who cares? Since then a passion

town that the wedding with figs dried, the tourists are
million, buses
always the same, so you find some Chiappone
American, you can push as
want, but do not you climb on a bus. The newspapers chronicled
minute, are impressive.
small acts of bullying and vandalism
small
now appear to be part of the urban landscape. There are those who arranges
as he can. On the internet are testimonies
between anger and tenderness.
"Some time ago a band of
tambourines, drums, accordions and who
so on and so forth,
stations under my window, and despite a polite invitation to leave
took longer to play
I can not
smiles with obvious challenge. I gave him a bath! Time
five minutes (note the timeliness)
a policeman knocked on my door ...
. Because if you do not scream
you play, the concert being battered
now elevated to the rank of an inviolable right.
"Today we started
around nine o'clock in the morning. Accordion, then
jazz orchestra, then
small band of drums and accordion, and saxophone
accordion and again, with a
endless medley of songs from
besame mucho a passing Roman Barcarolo
'O sole mio. At this time there is such a
with trumpets, horns,
accordion and various tools, we hope
good night. " Nor is the parade began
musical-pleasure-Summer
Roman ... At best, for now the turn of
Punkabbestia, trying to soften
passersby to shell out something.
That is, they try to follow the animals, the owners need to
being
definitely unsuitable.
Roma angry for this
tangle of sounds and screams and piss
often finds himself in letters to the Chronicle of
newspapers, La Repubblica
the messenger to those Mary Latella, which six years
care of those Roman Courier, and
has already read a few thousand. And it is
indeed, the rude post - if we stay
discomfort, without advancing
side of crime - the most striking element
. Chaos and clamor,
"shocking disrespect", strollers
children locked
scooters everywhere, good night, vandalism, the
miniproteste
taking hostage the entire city ... Even the promise Atac
"training interventions
targeted in order to improve the professionalism of its staff
"(at the time, changed
currencies). Yes, of course, Rome, according to statistics
is decently safe, the mayor throws
down any abusive crap, but sometimes reality
clashes, as well
the media, with the finest intentions.
Chronicle of the Republic,
few days ago. Above article on Mayor
that brought aid to Malawi, "Dear
Africa, we shall return." Slightly further down,
a letter: "insulted by an African in
Viale XXI Aprile." There.
Something in everyday life in Rome,
is crumbling. Just one look
to notice. The center, for example,
at times seems a little
Calcutta: a generalized race begging,

the false sense of piety, the harassment continues. Crippled and maimed
false true that drag on
carts, drunks who claim
the traffic light with a tarnished piece
the headlights (not even clean the glass)
and screaming, fake old gypsy
lame and fake they struggled at the traffic lights
red, to take quick pitch to the green
time, people who exhibited
legs with bloody scabs, stumps
arts, children forced to beg,
entire families of glass cleaner that
patrol the intersections of areas, parking attendants
abusive with the air of cutthroats,
those who finish
behind the church doors. Then, as an
a bus trip without
itinerant musician who has long ceased to be the tender

penniless musician from neorealist cinema, you
usual spring those two or three piece of music, indifferent to gossip or

spaces, granite and efficiency makes three stops on
and three stops down, not one less
not one more. If you
along the road from Via Nazionale to
Arenula, crossing the center, we find all sorts of new
begging
from a window to another whole
groups mark the path. And
with extensive attention to the facts of geopolitical
, evolving from year to year
"poor in Bosnia" to "poor
of Romania "- being the same
unfortunate beggar. If you can avoid pickpocketing
by Zingarelli
- now consigned to a raid of clothes
as any adolescent:
newspapers are on page
photographic sequences that tell the damage to the tourist
more jello. Rome is so unbearable,
small path of exasperation
daily between
escape to the park with a pickpocket and
drunken screams near you and ask you the
money. One thing perhaps complementary
other side of town, that
restaurants, nightspots one thousand, one hundred
trouble: so happy, so as to sadness. Confusion
without joy, therefore,
something that seems to have taken only the appearance of
veltroni, refusing
substance. Veltroni, of course, much
spends. Evokes memory (any memory)
and altruism and good examples. But in
Marco Lodoli
happens to make a turn around a high school and 92 counts
(novantadue!) cars, those with motor
50, arriving there by scholars
adolescents. Are some thoughts, but maybe
simply do not trust the plebeian
bus. Or they found
already full of tourists.

1995 Suzuki Dune Buggy

The flight of our brothers in Iraq

In 1976 a team of Iraqi archaeologists discovered

the fifth century a church near the Shiite holy city of Kerbala
. Built the first one hundred and twenty years
advent of Islam in Mesopotamia,
the church during the huge concentration camp in

surface with mass graves in the ground that it was the
regime of Saddam Hussein, was transformed into a polygon
shot. "At that time
a million people were deported,
mostly Kurds and Christians," said
deputy Barham Salih.
Saddam poses
the churches under the supervision of the Ministry of Islamic property,
known as "Awqaf", he bombarded
hundreds. The newborns were not
be called with the names and the Syriac Christians
was banned. In return the regime

assured a certain tranquility to the Chaldean community, to which he belonged
Foreign Minister of
Saddam, Tariq Aziz.
Iraqi Christians are now succumbing
face a threat more terrifying
dell'arabizzazione Saddam

that destroyed two hundred Christian villages between 1960 and 1988: the physical
mass extinction, the manhunt triggered
by al Qaida and the onset. "
We will do everything possible to save them," he said
Prime Minister Nouri al Maliki. Agents
print as Fides and AsiaNews,
but especially the media
Assyrians and Chaldeans,
spread the news about the massacre of the heirs of the apostles
in the land of two rivers.
a massacre reminiscent of images of the four white fathers
killed in Algeria in 1992, the seven Trappist monks

slaughtered in 1996 and three missionaries riddled
in Yemen in 1998. Without previous massacre
. The end of the world. The destruction of
origins. "There is another
war in Iraq: the war against Christianity," says
Arnold Beichman of the Hoover Institution
. Nina Shea, who directs the
Freedom House's Center for Religious Freedom
defines Christians "canaries in the mine
the Middle East."
It speaks of "ethnic cleansing".

Lawrence Kaplan of New Republic writes that "Sunnis and Shiites
agree on little except
on the persecution of Christians." Andy Darmoo, president of Save the
Assiryans,
spoke of the "end of Christianity in Iraq." More than half of the Christians

has already left the country. "In twenty years there will be no more Christians
" said Wijdan Mikha'il,
Minister for Human Rights in the new Iraq
. "I've always considered before
Iraq and then Christian. Today it is said
that a Christian is 'infidel'. "
liquidated the Jewish community, that the Prophets
and scribes of the Talmud, even
eighty percent of the Mandaeans, the most ancient
Gnostic cult, has left Iraq.
In January 2005 one of their leading figures
, Read Radhi Habib,
was killed after refusing to convert to Islam.
Then came the three brothers
Juhily, kidnapped and slaughtered. "The Islamic fanatics
attack us for what we are," says
Yonadam Kanna, a Christian lawmaker
Baghdad.
E 'has just been murdered
the secretary of a Christian clinic in Mosul.
Day
after a faithful of the parish of St. Paul. Four months ago
Munthir father, septuagenarian Reverend
of the Presbyterian Church in Mosul,
was found with a bullet in his skull.
"We will kill all Christians starting
he" had said the kidnappers. Then two
Chaldean sisters, Margaret and
Fawzeiyah Naoum, stabbed to death in Baghdad.
The Director of the National Museum of Iraq, the Assyrian
Donny George, fled to Syria
. "Hundreds of Christians have been killed
and their churches destroyed," the complaint
Romeo Hakkari, a leader of House of the Two Rivers

Democratic Party. The good news is that the monastery of Mar
Gorghis of Mosul was
inaugurated the academic year of theology. Classes
strictly mixed
despite the threat of Sharia. A girl
Baghdad's Chaldean
been delivered to the family
died after a seizure. At Tell el Skop
are just nine Christians were killed, including two children between
. "Christians are now
considered endangered." These are the words of
Bashar Warda, dean of the seminary moved from Baghdad more

in Kurdistan for security reasons. The
church dedicated to Our Lady of Baghdad was bombed in September

last year, killing two worshipers. On August 5, 2005, a student
Assyrian
University of Mosul, Anita Tyadors,
was executed because he spoke English, wore Western
was proudly
Christian. A few days later there was the massacre of four Assyrian
escorting
Pascale Warda, the only woman minister
Jaafari government. The Society for Threatened Peoples

publish a report on the violence against Christians in Mosul University
, "
attacked as 'American agents'." Jihadis use
the same accusation against Christians that
Hashemite monarchy, overthrown by the Ba'athist fascism
, used for their collaboration with the empire
English.
"Let us unite to put an end to this madness
" is the plea for help that the bishops have launched

summit of Sharm el-Sheikh two weeks ago. The spokesman

American bishops' conference, Thomas Wenski,
asks Condoleezza Rice to intervene.
The Christian population in 2003
had one million and 200 thousand people,
now dropped to 600 000. In Nineveh, an ancient name
of Mosul, was born the prophet Jonah. Here
Chaldeans and Assyrians, the oldest inhabitants
Iraq, still pray in Aramaic, the language of Jesus
anchor
good part of the twentieth century have been recorded
minorities of Jews, Yezidi and Christians,
including Catholics, Protestants, Mandaeans,
Armenian Orthodox, Nestorian and Monophysite Jacobites
. Now thousands
Christians fled to the Kurdish town of Ain Kawa
. Here Wahabi Mullah Krekar
had forced the closure of shops
during prayer, the burqa on women,
satellite dishes and
instrumental music, photos female
by eliminating any product imported from abroad.
sovereign freedom came in 2003,
follow-up of American troops. City
flagship of General Petraues,
Mosul is now a land of conquest
anti-Christian. Over the last fortnight
dozens of families, the few who resist
exile, have been intimidated
asking you to pay a
"contribution to the resistance, on pain of death."
In Baghdad, the family of Mazen
Sako was attacked by militiamen dressed in black
: "We came to exterminate.
will be the end for you Christians. " Majed
have killed ten years. The Chaldean Patriarchate
transferred in the Kurdistan
Babel College, which holds the oldest Christian
library, and the Seminary of St. Peter
. North
Christians are protected by the peshmerga, the legendary Kurdish militia
. Islamic groups are
imposing the tax on "subjects"
in Baghdad and Mosul, the famous jiza,
tax abolished by the Ottoman Empire. "Non-Muslims
must pay tribute to jihad if they want to have

permission to continue to live and profess their faith in Iraq."
Christians are also forced to leave
houses after threatening letters
will assign the property to Muslims. Those who want to sell

fail to find buyers, the imams have
said: "Do not buy from the infidels, the
we free."
A fatwa forbids the ritual gestures made in public
. "Remove the crosses from
churches or we will burn." E '
the threat to the Church of Sts Peter and Paul
of Dora, the great Christian
district of Baghdad.
in February 2004 in Erbil, the Tagliatesta of Ansar al Sunna
, murder of twelve Nepalese
caused
hundred deaths in the headquarters of Kurdish parties. "The Crusaders entered
in the provinces of Kirkuk," it read in the claim.
In 2004 he was killed the Assyrian
Qoryaqos Ra'ad Augustine, a professor of medicine
Anbar University.
in claim Zarqawi
put together "the National Guard pagan" and
"collaborators crusaders."
In March 2004, two Christians in Baghdad, Ameejon
Barama and his wife Jewded,
were found with their throats cut off. On 21 October the death
pounced on the Assyrian translator Layla
It Kakko Elias. More than three hundred
translator murdered by terrorists.
A number of slightly more than
academics killed since 2003.
A month after al-Qaida went on to launch grenades
churches.
Shlemon Warduni, Chaldean bishop of Baghdad, said
"
two months many Churches have their crosses from their domes
", as the Assyrian church of San Giorgio
, which the Islamists have removed the cross
, for the Chaldean Church of San Giovanni
we thought the faithful. The agency announced that Sir
Christians in Dora

can remain only if they agree to give a wife a daughter or sister
a Muslim,
creating the conditions for "a gradual conversion to Islam
whole family."
Raymond Moussalli, a spokesman
of Christian refugees, said that seven churches in Dora
closed.
A fatwa forbids the wearing of the cross around her neck.
"Christians are dying," says
Louis Sako, archbishop of Kirkuk while
hear news of car bombings and killings of Christians
from Kurdish areas. Father
Adris Hanna warns that "
priests are kidnapped, women raped, a boy in Basra

of 14 years was crucified. " "That Iraqi Christians
was among the first communities to
world, with the ritual and the Syriac Aramaic language
" says Father Bernardo Cervellera, director of
AsiaNews. "E '
in a war against Christianity
and' the 'Christian roots.
These communities are important in the history of evangelization. The defense of Christians

is not confessional, but of civilization. The betrayal of the West is complicit

pan-Arab Islam. "
viewfinder even pagans. Three weeks ago
were executed 23 Yazidi, ancient
prezoroastriana sect, on the road between Mosul and
Ba'ashika, a majority Christian village
.
stopped the bus and killed them after having brought down
Christians, who
have imposed the tax. On 21 October 2004
the bodies of two Yazidi were found headless
between Sinjar and Talafar.
to Christian women are asked to respect
sharia, or risk the
death, and some were killed.
The new Constitution, the first anti-fundamentalist Islamic world

and supported by Christians, is at the center of the fury
jihadist
because Article 14 says that "all Iraqis are equal without
regardless of sex, ethnicity,
nationality, origin, color, religion,
and Article 7: "Any behavior
that supports, aids or incites the spread
racism, terrorism, takfir (state
infidel) ethnic cleansing
are prohibited. " Takfir ideology is
lawful killing "infidels", including Muslims
that do not follow Sharia law. E '
admitted the murder of children because
not vitiated in the future. "Did you enjoy
peace in the land of Muslims. Your ill

became apparent when I entered the invaders. They found great

support among Christians as interpreters and informants.
Christians are agents of the occupiers. " This
death warrant was put out by
Brigades
agents for the clearance of Christians. " In September

Amer Iskander was beheaded father, who was kidnapped after his speech in Regensburg, Benedict XVI

the "Lions of Islam". "The quack
Benedict XVI remembers Pope Urban II at Claremont"
said Zarqawi's successor, Abu Ayyub al-Masri
. The killing of
Korean Kim Sun-il was claimed against
"a Christian who wanted to evangelize
the land of Islam." The kidnappers of Iskander
wanted an apology posted
thirty folders on churches in Mosul. Minister Sarkis
Kurdish Ghajan had
block construction of houses for Christians to come.
the day of death of Iskander, Joseph Petros
father was killed in Baghdad.
Fides
a nun says that "the responsibility lies with the imams who
say that killing a Christian is not
crime. It 's a manhunt. " Among the occupations most affected traders
alcohol
a work permit under Saddam.
From "Anger of Allah" to the '
Organization of Islamic doctrine, "the Wahhabis
hunt for dealers alcohol.
95 percent of the liquor stores run by Christians
has already closed.
In May 2003, Sheikh Mohammed
Sadr issued a fatwa against the Fartousi
alcohol and cinema. Among the first to die there was
Sabah Sadiq, while he went to pay the ransom
brother. The category
of barbers is another one of the most bloody. After
Baghdad and Mosul in recent days have been hit
in Kirkuk. In 2005, forty
Baghdad barbers
riddled or slaughtered.
In Mosul the situation even worse.
the store windows, there are flyers "
Monotheism and Jihad, the organization of
Zarqawi. The text barbers not to
offend Islam with cutting-shaven. Pena
"the beheading of the barber and the customer
in front of the family." Other crimes:
listen to Western music, wear jeans
, sell movies, dancing,
commit adultery and, in the case of
women, not to cover or walk without
a man. A campaign was launched
against 'un-Islamic art. " A series of sculptures
pagan were pulverized.

A famous statue in the north of Mosul was destroyed because
portrayed women with jars on their shoulders.
were frustrated
Christians accused of drinking alcohol. The body of a woman in robe
was found on the street.
"A prostitute punished," said the cartel.
everyone take note. Barbers
exhibited signs
which states that "not making the cut or shaved
or shaving the beard."
Christians who have not put data into hiding
written to protect yourself:
"No facials.
on a bus line driver has imposed
division between men and women. Other leaflets
forcing clothing stores to cover
Dummies.
public bathrooms have closed because of a fatwa on
soap, "
not exist at the time of Muhammad." Orders reach
absurdity: restaurants, many Christians can not fully prepare

salad of cucumbers and tomatoes, is a female and another male
. Christian women
not show themselves in public without a veil.
The city walls are plastered with flyers that
ordered to "follow in the footsteps of our
Maria
who covered his head. The death penalty. "
September 11th, television stations around the world

handed a spot of al Qaida. A band of jihadists
breaks into a house in the funeral march
banner,
shoot at a target. A Christian cross.
Symbol to be removed, as the beautiful
jars of Mosul, as the wonderful
Buddhas of Bamyan, father
Iskander. Few understood the symbolism.
In 1998, the Pakistani Bishop John Joseph
were shot in the head
before a court in which he was condemned to death
Christian Ayub Masih.
today as then, the cilia of the free world
drop on the fate of Christians.
In Iraq, the land of Eden, the homeland of Abraham
start from
evangelists in China, an ancient history
is shutting down as cold ashes.